Something we did enjoy in Dubai, was a visit to the Jumeirah Mosque. It
isn't big or fancy like the one in Abu Dhabi, but you can do a tour here, with
the Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Centre for Cultural Understanding. They run the
programme 'Open doors, Open minds', which aims to help non-Emirates, whether
tourists or those living and working in Dubai, to better understand the local
culture.
They run a few different tours, but we opted to visit the mosque. The
dress code is a little less strict than the mosque in Abu Dhabi, so I was able
to just add my headscarf this time. They do lend headscarves for those who
didn't bring them, and also abaya and kandura, the men's robe, for those who
have worn short skirts or shorts, which are not acceptable.
The tour was simple, but informative. They showed us the ablutions
that all Muslims are required to perform, so that they are cleansed before they
pray. they are required to wash their hands, arms up to the elbows, feet
and their face, including their mouth and inside the nose. the also
wipe over their hair. You will only see men doing their ablutions outside the
mosque, as women will do them either inside a separate women's prayer room if
there is one at the mosque, or at home beforehand, so that they preserve their
modesty. Women who are on their period do not pray, because it is still
considered to be unclean; it also exempts them from fasting in Ramadan.
They also explained the layout and design of the mosque with it's
minarets to call people to prayer, and the alcove and dome, which amplify the
sound of the Imam's voice, so that he can be heard by all.
The tour was run by a man and woman, both of whom were very open and
friendly, and encouraged people to ask any questions they might have. They
were fully aware of some of the preconceptions, misconceptions and
anxieties that many non-Muslims have about the religion and culture, and
they were happy to discuss them openly.
They described Islam, which means submission, derived from the word
istaslama, to surrender, as a peaceful religion, although recognised that
this may not be how it seems sometimes. They said how disappointed they are
that some people choose to behave in such a violent way, as it is not what they
believe is expected of followers of Islam.
We were given a simple but interesting description of the Five pillars
of Islam: one god, prayer, charity, fasting and pilgrimage.
The first pillar, One God, looks for followers to have a willing
belief in Allah and all of his prophets and their teachings. The fact that
you need to believe of your own accord, rather than being forced by others,
does in itself make something of a mockery of groups like ISIS, who would force
their beliefs on others. Whilst children are raised by their parents as Muslim,
they are expected to decide for themselves whether they wish to follow the
religion, once they reach puberty.
Islam believes in the same God - or Allah - as Christianity, but does
not believe that Jesus was the son of God. They consider him to have been a prophet,
like Adam, Noah and Mohammed. They focus on Mohammed, because he was the
last of the prophets. Muslims also believe in angels, and that you have
two angels with you always, one on your right writing down all of the good
things that you do, and one on the left writing down any bad things. At
the final reckoning when you die, these lists will be used to decide
whether you go to paradise and to which of the seven levels.
The second pillar is Prayer, and Muslims are required to pray five times a
day, fajr, at dawn, dhuhr at midday, asr in the afternoon, maghrib at sunset,
and isha'a at night. The prayers must be done facing Mecca, which is the
location of the kabaan, the first religious structure. Men are expected to
make the effort to go to the mosque; they receive ten 'rewards' for praying
there, but only one if they pray elsewhere.
Women, on the other hand receive ten 'rewards if they pray at home
too, which is because Islam recognises that women tend to be the carers
for children, so rather than forcing them to get the
children out of the house
and take them with her to the mosque to pray five times a day, they are able to
receive the same rewards when praying at home. Not surprising therefore, that
fewer women go to the mosque, and explains why, if women have a separate
prayer room, it will be smaller. Simple numbers, not, as some like to suggest,
because they regard women as less important.
Our hosts showed us how the prayers are performed, and explained what was
being said. If you want to pray for anything for yourself, you may do so
only at the point when you are fully prostrate with forehead and nose to
floor. At the end of the prayers you turn and say 'peace be upon you' to your
left and right, which whilst it would greet those next to you in prayer, is
actually intended to greet your two angels.
Generally people stand very close together, so as to remove any space for
the devil - which in this case is in the form of perceived difference in wealth
or status - but they will always keep a gap between men and women,
to prevent distraction from prayer. Normally, if in the same room, men will be
at the front, children in the middle and women at the back. This way, when all
that bowing and prostrating goes on, the men can't be looking at the women' bums!
The third pillar is Charity. Muslims are required to give 2.5% of their
wealth to help others; the phrase 'charity begins at home' is very valid here,
as the potential recipients of your help starts with close family, then
works through extended family, your circle of friends, your local community,
and then the wider community. You are also expected to perform acts of
kindness, which while they may be large, it is said that even a smile will keep
the good angel busy.
The fourth pillar is Fasting. During the month of Ramadan, which is the
ninth month of the Islamic calendar, and so can fall between mid May and
mid July depending on the year, Muslims are expected to fast during daylight
hours. For this one month each year, you are expected to refrain from eating,
drinking, smoking, sex, or anything else that is unnecessary, during daylight
hours.
The intention is to purify your soul, so that you can focus your
efforts on serving Allah. It also encourages you to remember those that
are less well off than you, encourages time with your family,
and attributes such as patience, self-discipline and sacrifice. They
suggested that on a practical note, it has the added benefit of
giving the body a detox, and also helps if you want to give up smoking or other
addictions.
The final pillar is Pilgrimage. All Muslims, as long as they are
financially and physically capable, are expected to do the haaj, a pilgrimage
to Mecca, once in their lifetime. They are not expected to borrow money to do
the pilgrimage, in fact they are supposed to pay off any debts first. The
pilgrimage is a quest for forgiveness, but apparently you should expect to
use it to get away with having done anything really bad!
At the end of the tour, our hosts were happy to take any other questions, and
unsurprisingly, the issue of clothes arose. Our female host, who was wearing
the black abaya, but no face covering, explained that women can wear whatever
they choose when they are in the company of only women and men who are blood
relations (i.e. who they could not marry) or their husband, but when they are
in the company of other men, they are expected to dress modestly, covering all
but their hands and face.
This could be with trousers and a blouse, but most wear the abaya, a full
length black 'dress' over the top of their normal clothes. She said that in the
UAE, women started wearing the abaya in the days when they were a poor people,
living in the desert, and had only a few good dresses. These dresses would
become ruined by the sandstorms and the intensity of the sun, so the women took
to wearing a black cloth over the top of their dress, to protect it when they
went outside. This gradually became the abaya, and became the traditional
clothing.
She told us that women in the UAE can choose whether or not to wear the
abaya and headscarf, and that, while she has chosen to, neither her mother nor
her daughter do. In common with many younger women, she does not choose to wear
the niqab, the leather face covering that was originally designed to keep the sand
and sun form their faces.
There were lots of other questions, all of which were answered, and I think
most people learned at least something new that day.
After the tour, we went back in to the Café area, where we tried out some of their camel milk products. as well as the milk in our drinks, we had some chocolates using it, and something called khishnah kanafeh, which is a sort of cheesy pastry sweet dish. The camel milk was OK, not as musty as goats' milk, and the chocolates and khishnah kanafeh were both tasty.
